如何在MacBook上配置C++的编译运行环境

这里省略了安装Visual Studio Code的过程。具体安装过程可以参考互联网上的教程。

安装 Xcode Command Line Tools

确保已安装编译器工具链：

xcode-select --install  # 安装 Clang/LLVM
clang++ --version       # 验证安装clang++

配置 VS Code 插件

安装以下核心扩展：

• C/C++（Microsoft 官方扩展，语法支持与调试）
• CodeLLDB（调试器，解决 macOS 系统兼容性问题）1410
• Code Runner

安装后如何配置C++运行环境

1. 创建一个目录用于存放代码文件，如 cpp_practice

2. 在cpp_practice下创建 .vscode 文件夹

3. .vscode 分别创建3个子文件，如下：

   .vscode
   ├── c_cpp_properties.json
   ├── launch.json
   └── tasks.json

4. c_cpp_properties.json 文件内容如下：

   {
       "configurations": [
         {
           "name": "Mac",
           "includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],
           "defines": [],
           "macFrameworkPath": [
             "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks"
           ],
           "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang++",  // 或 GNU GCC 路径（如 /opt/homebrew/bin/g++-13）
           "cStandard": "c17",
           "cppStandard": "c++17",             // 支持 C++17/20
           "intelliSenseMode": "macos-clang-arm64"
         }
       ],
       "version": 4
     }

5. launch.json 文件内容如下：

   {
     "version": "0.2.0",
     "configurations": [
       {
         "name": "调试C++",
         "type": "lldb",
         "request": "launch",
         "program": "${fileDirname}/bin/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
         "args": [],
         "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
         "preLaunchTask": "Build with Clang"  // 需与 tasks.json 的 label 一致
       }
     ]
   }

6. tasks.json 文件内容如下：

   {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "tasks": [
           {
               "label": "Build with Clang",
               "type": "shell",
               "command": "clang++",
               "args": [
                   "-std=c++17",
                   "-g",
                   "${file}",
                   "-o",
                   "${fileDirname}/bin/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                   "-Wall"
               ],
               "group": "build",
               "problemMatcher": [
                   "$gcc"
               ]
           },
           {
               "type": "cppbuild",
               "label": "C/C++: clang++ 生成活动文件",
               "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
               "args": [
                   "-fcolor-diagnostics",
                   "-fansi-escape-codes",
                   "-g",
                   "${file}",
                   "-o",
                   "${fileDirname}/bin/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
               ],
               "options": {
                   "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
               },
               "problemMatcher": [
                   "$gcc"
               ],
               "group": {
                   "kind": "build",
                   "isDefault": true
               },
               "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
           }
       ]
   }